Antifungal activity of Gracilaria corticata methanol extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum on rat dermatophytosis models.

Background and Purpose: Dermatophytosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases. Increased resistance of dermatophytosis-causing pathogens against antidermatophytic agents highlights the need for alternative medicine with higher efficiency and lower side effects. In the present study, the in vitro antifungal activities of different concentrations of Gracilaria corticata methanol extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum were assessed and their efficacy was evaluated in rat dermatophytosis models. Materials and Methods: The broth microdilution and well diffusion methods were used to determine the in vitro antidermatophytic activity. The in vivo study was carried out using 40 dermatophytosis-infected adults male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups (5% and 10% G. corticata ointment, terbinafine, and Vaseline) and treated with ointment until complete recovery. The percentage of wound closure was calculated for each group. Results: The results revealed that G. corticata methanol extract was effective to varying extents against the tested dermatophytes. The highest inhibitory activity of G. corticata was found against T. mentagrophytes with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 4 and 9 µg mL-1, respectively. The in vivo experiment revealed that 10% G. corticata ointment significantly accelerated skin lesions reduction and completely cured M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, and M. canis infections after 19, 25, and 38 days, respectively. Conclusion: The methanol extract of G. corticata exhibited significant antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it could be used as an alternative to antidermatophytic therapy in a dose-dependent manner.

Effect of ovariohysterectomy on queen myocardial function: echocardiographic evidence.

Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is one of the most common surgeries in veterinary medicine. Although this surgical method has several advantages, it can alter the function of various organs such as heart. The present study investigated the effect of OHE on cardiac functions using M-mode echocardiography. A total of 10 healthy adult domestic short-haired cats were enrolled in the current study. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) percentages along with cardiac output (CO) were measured through the right parasternal approach in papillary muscle level view. Moreover, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before OHE (D0) as well as 10 (D10), 20 (D20) and 30 (D30) days after OHE. The results of this study showed that the mean FS and EF decreased on all days of the study. The FS reduction was significant between D10 and D30 and EF changes were significant between D10 and D20. The means of CO increased significantly on D0 compared to the D10. After D20, CO reduced until the end of the study. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH increased on all research days; but, the changes were significant until D20. Despite the negative effects of OHE on myocardial function, there was no significant correlation between hormonal levels and echocardiographic findings after OHE in this study.

The effect of green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles/collagen/HA scaffold in bone regeneration: As an animal study.

BACKGROUND: The bone defects cannot heal by themselves when their range exceeds the critical size defect (CSD). In clinical treatment, significant bone defects are often caused by trauma, developmental deformity, tumour resection and infection. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green synthesis of TiO2 from propolis extract/collagen/HA (Hydroxyapatite) scaffolds on bone regeneration in rats. METHODS: Water uptake, biodegradability, porosity and biodegradation of the scaffolds were evaluated after they were synthesised using freeze-dry method. Cell viability by MTT assay was then evaluated. During the 4, 8 and 12 weeks following the scaffold implantation, the bone regeneration was evaluated using macroscopic and microscopic tests to determine the effectiveness of green synthesis of TiO2 from propolis extract/collagen/HA scaffolds. RESULTS: Compared to the HA/Coll scaffold, ProTiO2 /HA/Coll scaffold was reduced porosity, water absorption and degradability porosity. Based on in vitro tests, both synthetic scaffolds induced cell growth and were less toxic and stimulated cell growth. Based on histopathological testing, the ProTiO2 /HA/Coll scaffolds formed high levels of bone during 12 weeks in comparison with HA/Coll and control group. CONCLUSIONS: ProTiO2 /HA/Coll composite can be used in regenerative medicine, bone fillers and scaffolds. As a result, this research suggests that ProTiO2 /HA/Coll composites could be promising candidates for bone regeneration.

Dextranase enzyme and Enterococcus faecium probiotic have anti-biofilm effects by reducing the count of bacteria in dental plaque in the oral cavity of dogs.

OBJECTIVE: Periodontal disease is a common clinical complication and has a negative impact on the quality of life and the welfare of companion dogs. Periodontal disease occurs when pathogenic bacteria are accumulated in the gingival sulcus, which favors biofilm formation. The oral health of dogs can be significantly compromised by dental plaque accumulation. Thus, this investigation demonstrates the effect of Enterococcus faecium probiotic, dextranase enzyme, and their combination on dental biofilm in the oral cavity of dogs. ANIMALS: The 30 dogs were referred to Polyclinic with no oral ulcers, severe periodontitis, and internal diseases. PROCEDURES: Dextranase enzyme, E faecium probiotic, and their combination were administered in the oral cavity of dogs. Microbiological samples were obtained from tooth surfaces and gums before and after intervention with the substances. Bacterial colonies were enumerated by using a colony counter. Also, Porphyromonas gingivalis hmuY gene expression was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS: The total colony count of the bacterial culture indicated that the dextranase enzyme, E faecium probiotic, and their combination significantly reduced the total bacteria count in the oral cavity. Moreover, in the reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis it was observed that using the combination of E faecium probiotic and dextranase enzyme decreases the hmuY gene expression of P gingivalis bacteria. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results clearly indicated that the dextranase enzyme and E faecium probiotic could be used as preventive agents to reduce oral biofilm in dogs. Furthermore, no side effects were observed while using these substances.

Role of central adiponectin and its interactions with NPY and GABAergic systems on food intake in neonatal layer chicken.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Adiponectin is a member of the adipokine family and contributes to regulating energy homeostasis, reproduction, and various biological functions, such as insulin receptor signaling pathway sensitivity, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, neurogenesis, and suppression of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of adiponectin and its interaction with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GABAergic systems on central appetite regulation in neonatal layer-type chickens. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study, 6 experiments were conducted, each of which included 4 experimental groups. In the first experiment, the chickens were injected with saline and adiponectin (20.73, 41.45, and 62.18 nmol). In the second experiment, saline, adiponectin (62.18 nmol), B5063 (NPY1 receptor antagonist, 2.12 nmol), and simultaneous injections of adiponectin and B5063 were performed. Experiments 3 to 6 were done in the same way to experiment 1, but the chickens were injected with SF22 (NPY2 receptor antagonist, 2.66 nmol), SML0891 (NPY5 receptor antagonist, 2.89 nmol), picrotoxin (GABAA receptor antagonist, 0.89 nmol), CGP54626 (GABAB receptor antagonist, 0.047 nmol) instead of B5063. Feed consumption was measured 120 min after the injection. RESULTS: A dose-dependent increase in appetite was observed after the injection of adiponectin (20.73, 41.45, and 62.18 nmol) (P < 0.05). The injection of B5063 + adiponectin attenuated the hyperphagic effect of adiponectin (P < 0.05). In addition, co-injection of picrotoxin and adiponectin significantly decreased adiponectin-induced hyperphagia (P < 0.05). In addition, adiponectin significantly increased the number of steps, jumps, exploratory food, pecks, and standing time, while decreasing sitting time and rest time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the hyperphagic effects of adiponectin are probably mediated through NPY1 and GABAA receptors in neonatal layer-type chickens.

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo effect of liposomal doxorubicin along with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus on 4T1 cell line: Animal preclinical research.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, with one in 20 globally. Oncolytic viruses have recently been the first step in the biological treatment of cancer, either genetically engineered or naturally occurring. They increase specifically inside cancer cells and destroy them without damaging normal tissues or producing a host immune response against tumour cells or expressing transgenes. One of the most known members of this family is the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a natural oncolytic virus that selectively induces apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in human cancer cells. METHODS: This study performed biochemical and molecular investigations with variable doses of NDV (32, 64, 128 HAU) and liposomal doxorubicin (9 mg/kg) on mouse triple-negative mammary carcinoma cell line 4T1 and BALB/c models tumours for the first time. RESULTS: Real-time quantitative PCR analysis in NDV-treated animal tumours showed increased expression of P21, P27 and P53 genes and decreased expression of CD34, integrin Alpha 5, VEGF and VEGF-R genes. Additional assessments in treated mouse models also showed that NDV increased ROS production, induced apoptosis, reduced tumour size and significantly improved prognosis, with no adverse effect on normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These findings all together might indicate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs could improve prognosis in cancer patients although many more conditions should be considered.

Synergistic cytotoxicity effect of the combination of chitosan nanoencapsulated imatinib mesylate and quercetin in BCR-ABL positive K562 cells.

Objectives: Intolerable side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs have encouraged scientists to develop new methods of drug combinations with fewer complications. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of quercetin and imatinib encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell growth of the K562 cell line. Materials and Methods: Imatinib and quercetin were encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles and their physical properties were determined using standard methods and SEM microscope images. BCR-ABL positive K562 cells were cultured in a cell culture medium, cytotoxicity of drugs was determined by MTT assay and the effects of nano drugs on apoptosis in cells were investigated by Annexin V-FITC staining. The expression level of genes associated with apoptosis in cells was measured by real-time PCR. Results: The IC50 for the combination of the nano drugs at 24 and 48 hr was 9.324 and 10.86 µg/ml, respectively. The data indicated that the encapsulated form of drugs induced apoptosis more effectively than the free form (P<0.05). Moreover, the synergistic effect of nano drugs in statistical analysis was proved (P=0.001). The combination of nano drugs resulted in the caspase 3, 8, and TP53 genes upregulation (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the encapsulated form of imatinib and quercetin nano drugs with chitosan has more cytotoxicity than the free form of the drugs. In addition, the combination of imatinib and quercetin as a nano-drug complex has a synergistic effect on the induction of apoptosis in imatinib-resistant K562 cells.

The prognostic value of procalcitonin in critically ill cases of systematic inflammatory response syndrome in dogs.

Using markers for early diagnosis can help to reduce mortality and morbidity in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This study investigates the role of procalcitonin (PCT) as a prognostic value in dogs with SIRS in the intensive care unit. Fifty-five dogs were selected and studied. Blood samples were collected and investigated for PCT, white and red blood cells, iron, creatinine, platelet, glucose, albumin, urea, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), bandcell, body temperature, and hospitalized days and costs. The animals were grouped into survivors and deceased groups, and their results were compared. The results showed negative significant relations between PCT with hematocrit (r 2 = 0.294, P < 0.05) and the serum concentration of iron (r 2 = 0.280, P < 0.05) and also positive relation with IL-6 (r 2 = 0.456, P < 0.01) and TNF-α (r 2 = 0.391, P < 0.01). Significant relations were not seen between PCT with other parameters (P > 0.05). The results also showed a significant relation between glucose and albumin with body temperature (P < 0.05). The results showed that the serum concentrations of PCT, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in deceased dogs compared with survivors, while white blood cells, glucose, albumin, urea, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and body temperature were higher in survivors compared with others. PCT can be utilized as a prognostic value and helps early diagnosis in dogs with SIRS.

The Effect of Gracilaria Corticata and Scenedesmus Acuminates Extract Mixture on the Healing of Wounds Contaminated with Staphylococcus in the Rat Model.

Introduction: Wound healing processes are dependent on the severity of the trauma, invasion of opportunistic microorganisms, and inflammatory, immunological, and metabolic responses. We tried to show the ability of algae to inhibit wound infection, which can lead to proper wound healing. Methods: Eighty rats were housed according to laboratory animal care protocols and divided into four groups at each operating time. Group I consisted of the non-treated animals. Group II was treated with 25% zinc oxide as a choice treatment. In the treated groups 3 and 4, an equal ratio of Gracilaria Corticata and Scenedesmus acuminate marine algae (mixed algae) was applied as 3% and 7% ointment pomade. Percentage of wound closure, number of bacteria in the wound surface, angiogenesis (Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF), the number of macrophages, collagen production level and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß), epithelialization, and fibrosis were evaluated. Results: Applying mixed algae extract 7% and zinc oxide 25% could result in a mild improvement in wound closure (df: 9, 48; F=5.97; p<0.0001). In addition, mixed algae 3%, mixed algae 7% and zinc oxide could reduce the rate of bacterial growth compared to non-treated animals (df: 3, 16; F=5.74; p=0.0007). However, these improvements do not seem to be clinically significant. Induction of angiogenesis, increase in macrophage infiltration rate, and expression of TGFß are possible underlying mechanisms of mixed algae in accelerating wound healing process. Conclusion: The result showed that the administration of 3% and 7% mixed algae could mildly accelerate the wound healing process in a rat model of pelleted skin wound. However, it seems that its effect is not clinically significant compared to non-treated and zinc oxide treated animals.

Cinnamon Nanoparticles Loaded on Chitosan- Gelatin Nanoparticles Enhanced Burn Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Rats.

The objective of this work was to investigate impact of Cinnamon nanoparticles loaded on chitosan- gelatin nanoparticles on burn wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers in rat. We included sixty male rats into four groups. There were 15 animals in each group as follow: DFU group: We treated the burn wounds with normal saline (0.1 mL). DFU/SSD group: In this group, the wounds were with silver sulfadiazine 1% ointment. DFU/CGNP: In this group, the burn wounds were treated with chitosan-gelatin nanoparticles based ointment (0.05 mg/mL). DFU/CNP-CGNP group: In this group, the wounds were treated with CN-CGNPs (0.05 mg/mL). Wound area reduction measurements, biochemistry, histomorphometrical studies, hydroxyproline levels and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for caspase 3, Bcl-2, and p53 showed significant difference between rats in DFU/CNP-CGNP group in comparison with other groups (P < .05). Accelerated repair of the wounds in DFU/CNP-CGNP group showed that local application of Cinnamon nanoparticles loaded on chitosan- gelatin nanoparticles could be taken into consideration in burn wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers.

Evaluating the effect of cold plasma on the healing of gingival wound.

BACKGROUND: This is the first study that conducted to the effect of cold plasma on the healing of gingival wound in diabetic rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Eighteen healthy rabbits is purched from pastor institute. The aloxan was injected to the rabbits. After induction of anesthesia the gum tissue is removed. The rabbits were treated by the plasma jet for 3, 5 and 10 days each day 30 s and they were considered histological. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After 3 days the plasma jet treatment, the production of collagen and fibroblast and migration of epithelial cells is observed. As can be seen from the results after 5 days the cold plasma treatment the increase of neovascularation, collagen and inflammatory infiltration is seen in gum tissue. Formation of granulation tissue is seen after 10 days the plasma jet treatment. CONCLUSION: The cold plasma treatment is an effective way for gingival wound treatment. Cold plasma treatment resulted in reduction of inflammatory phase and accelerates the recovery phase by increase neovascularation and collagen production.

Tendon repair by plasma jet treatment.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years many researchers applied cold plasma for wound healing. The cold plasma is irradiated on the surface of wound. In this paper the effect of irradiation of cold plasma on the skin for healing of injured tissue which is located inside body, such as tendon, is evaluated. METHODS: The male, white New Zealand, (20-week-old) were selected. Aloxan injection induced for diabetes induction and a week later the blood glucose level was measured. The standard tendon injury was created. The rabbits was divided in 3 groups. Control group, Plasma treated group at 5 kv, plasma treated group at 10 kv. Cold plasma was applied to the rabbits for 21 days. RESULTS: After 21 days the tendon tissue were considered histologically. The results show that inflammatory cells were significantly lower in the tendon treated with cold plasma at 10 kv than the others, which confirms that cold plasma treatment reduce the inflammation phase. Cold plasma treatment led to increase neovascularation and collagen production. CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm that the cold plasma treatment of skin has positive effect on healing of tissue inside body.

Evaluation of Beneficial Influence of Local Application of Crocus Pallasii Subsp. Haussknechtii Boiss. Extract on Healing of Full Thickness Excisional Infected Wounds in Diabetic Rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the wound healing activity of Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii boiss leaves extract on infected wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS: Fifty male diabetic rats were randomized into two sets of 25 animals each. Each group was sub divided into five groups of five animals, each for excisional and incisional wound models, respectively. Induction of diabetes was achieved using 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. In group I, 0.1 mL sterile saline 0.9% solution was added to the wounds with no infection. In group II, the wounds were infected with Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and only treated with 0.1 mL the sterile saline 0.9% solution. In group III, infected wounds were treated with application of base formulation ointment. In group IV, animals with infected wounds were treated with 0.1 mL topical application of 1 mg/mL methicillin and base formulation ointment. In group V, animals with infected wounds were treated with topical application of 0.1 mL solution of methicillin (1 mg/mL) and with 1g of powder extract of the plant material in ointment. The healing of the wound was assessed based on planimetry, hydroxyproline estimation, microbiological, biomechanical and biochemical studies. RESULTS: Microbiological examination, planimetric, histological and quantitative morphometric studies and determination of hydroxyproline levels showed that there was significant difference between animals in group V compared to other groups (p=0.001). Biomechanical indices in incisional groups showed there was significant difference between animals in group V compared to other groups (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: It was possible to conclude that the ointment of the extract of Crocus pallasii subsp. haussknechtii boiss. leaves have significant wound-healing activity in diabetes.

Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review.

COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Thus, the concern of pet owners is increasing. Moreover, the dynamics of the disease requires further explanation, mainly concerning the transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice versa. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. Although many instances of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, caution and further studies are necessary to avoid the occurrence of maltreatment in animals, and to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease in the environment, humans, and animals. Future research in the animal-human interface can help formulate and implement preventive measures to combat the further transmission of COVID-19.

Regenerative Capacities of Chitosan-Nanoselenium Conduit on Transected Sciatic Nerve in Diabetic Rats: An Animal Model Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess regenerative capacities of chitosan-nanoselenium conduit on transected sciatic nerve in diabetic rats. METHODS: A 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using a chitosan-nanoselenium conduit filled with phosphate buffered saline. In chitosan group, the chitosan conduit was filled with phosphate buffered saline solution. In sham-operated group, sciatic nerve was exposed and closed. In transected group, right sciatic nerve was transected and nerve cut ends were fixed in the adjacent muscle. The regenerated fibers were studied within 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: The behavioral and functional and electrophysiological tests confirmed faster recovery of the regenerated axons in chitosan-nanoselenium conduit group compared to chitosan group (p=0.001). The mean ratios of gastrocnemius muscles weight were measured. There was statistically significant difference between the muscle weight ratios of chitosan-nanoselenium conduit and chitosan groups (p=0.001). Morphometric indices of regenerated fibers showed number and diameter of the myelinated fibers were significantly higher in chitosan-nanoselenium conduit group than in chitosan group. CONCLUSION: chitosan-nanoselenium conduit resulted in acceleration of functional recovery and quantitative morphometric indices of sciatic nerve.

Histopathological Evaluation of Polycaprolactone Nanocomposite Compared with Tricalcium Phosphate in Bone Healing.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, the use of bone scaffolds as bone tissue substitutes, especially the use of such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, has been very popular. Today, the use of modern engineering techniques and advances in nanotechnology have expanded the use of nanomaterials as bone scaffolds for bone tissue applications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was performed on 60 adult male New Zealand rabbits divided into four experimental groups: the control group without any treatment, the second group receiving hydroxyapatite, the third group treated with ß-tricalcium phosphate, and the fourth group receiving nanocomposite polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. In a surgical procedure, a defect 6 mm in diameter was made in a hind limb femur. Four indexes were used to assess histopathology, which were union index, spongiosa index, cortex index, and bone marrow. RESULTS: The results showed that nanocomposite PCL and control groups always had the respective highest and lowest values among all the groups at all time intervals. The histopathological assessment demonstrated that the quantity of newly formed lamellar bone in the nanocomposite PCL group was higher than in other groups. CONCLUSION: All these data suggest that PCL had positive effects on the bone healing process, which could have great potential in tissue engineering and clinical applications.

Assessment of tricalcium phosphate/collagen (TCP/collagene)nanocomposite scaffold compared with hydroxyapatite (HA) on healing of segmental femur bone defect in rabbits.

Bone regeneration is an important objective in clinical practice and has been used for different applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocomposite tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/collagen scaffolds combined with hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone healing in surgery of femoral defects in rabbits. In this study, 45 mature male New Zealand white rabbits between 6 and 8 months old and weighting between 3 and 3.5 kg were examined. Rabbits were divided into three groups. Surgical procedures were performed after intramuscular injection of Ketamine 10% (ketamine hydrochloride, 50 mg/kg) and Rompun 5% (xylazine, 5 mg/kg). Then an approximately 6 mm diameter-5 mm cylinder bone defect was created in the femur of one of the hind limbs. After inducing the surgical wound, all rabbits were coloured and randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 animals each. Group 1 received pure medical nanocomposite TCP/collagen granules, group 2 received hydroxyapatite, and third group was a control group which received no treatment. Histopathological evaluation was performed on days 15, 30, and 45 after surgery. On days 15, 30, and 45 after surgery, the quantity and the velocity of stages of bone formation at the healing site in nanocomposite TCP/collagen group were better than HA and control groups and the quantity of newly formed lamellar bone at the healing site in nanocomposite TCP/collagen group were better than onward compared with HA and control groups. In conclusion, it seems that TCP/collagen nanocomposite has a significant role in the reconstruction of bone defects and can be used as scaffold in bone fractures.

Assessment of polycaprolacton (PCL) nanocomposite scaffold compared with hydroxyapatite (HA) on healing of segmental femur bone defect in rabbits.

Segmental bone loss due to trauma, infection, and tumor resection and even non-union results in the vast demand for replacement and restoration of the function of the lost bone. The objective of this study is to utilize novel inorganic-organic nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Biodegradable implants have shown great promise for the repair of bone defects and have been commonly used as bone substitutes, which traditionally would be treated using metallic implants. In this study, 45 mature male New Zealand white rabbits 6-8 months and weighting 3-3.5 kg were examined. Rabbits were divided into three groups. Surgical procedures were done after an intramuscular injection of Ketamine 10% (ketamine hydrochloride, 50 mg/kg), Rompun 5% (xylazine, 5 mg/kg). Then an approximately 6 mm diameter - 5 mm cylinder bone defect was created in the femur of one of the hind limbs. After inducing the surgical wound, all rabbits were colored and randomly divided into three experimental groups of nine animals each: Group 1 received medical pure nanocomposite polycaprolactone (PCL) granules, Group 2 received hydroxyapatite and Group 3 was a control group with no treatment. Histopathological evaluation was performed on days 15, 30 and 45 after surgery. On day 45 after surgery, the quantity of newly formed lamellar bone in the healing site in PCL group was better than onward compared with HA and control groups. Finally, nanocomposite PCL granules exhibited a reproducible bone-healing potential.